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Cancer

यकृत कैंसर

March 20, 2023 by Dr. Harsh J Shah – Pancreas, Liver, Gastro & Cancer Surgeon Leave a Comment

यकृत कैंसर 1
English
ગુજરાતી
हिंदी
लिवर कैंसर की बीमारी में क्या होता है?

लिवर कैंसर (Liver Cancer) तब होता है जब जिगर (यानी के लिवर) में सामान्य कोशिकाएं, असामान्य कोशिकाओं में बदल जाती हैं, और नियंत्रण से बाहर हो वृद्धि होने लगती हैं। पेट के ऊपरी दाहिने हिस्से में स्थित, यकृत (यानी के  लिवर – Liver) एक बड़ा अंग होता है।

ज्यादातर लोग जिन्हें लीवर कैंसर होता है, उन्हें लंबे समय से यकृत की कोई बीमारी होती हाई है — जिसे  क्रोनिक लिवर डिसीज़ (chronic liver disease) भी कहा जाता है। लंबे समय तक लिवर की बीमारी होने से व्यक्ति के लीवर कैंसर होने की संभावना बढ़ जाती है। दीर्घकालिक जिगर की बीमारी का सबसे आम, और सबसे गंभीर रूप “सिरोसिस” (cirrhosis) नामक एक स्थिति है, जो जिगर पे ज़ख़्म के नासूर जैसे निशान (जिसे स्कार – Scar – कहते हैं) बनाता है।

लिवर कैंसर के लक्षण कैसे दिखते या मेह्सूस होते हैं?

आमतौर पर, लिवर कैंसर के कोई भी लक्षण नहीं होते हैं। कुछ रोगियों को ऊपरी पेट में एक गांठ या हल्का दर्द हो सकता है, जब वे खाने की कोशिश करते हैं, या जल्दी पेट भर जाने जैसा महसूस करते हैं, या फिर जब उनका वजन कम होता हैं।

और लोगों में कैंसर होने से पहले जिगर की बीमारी के कारण होने वाले लक्षण मेह्सूस हो सकते हैं। वे लक्षण कैंसर के कारण खराब हो सकते हैं या फिर से मेह्सूस हो सकते हैं। निम्न जैसे लक्षण होते है:

  • पेट या पैरों में सूजन होना
  • त्वचा या आंखों का सफेद भाग पीला पड़ जाना

यदि आपको यह लक्षण मेह्सूस होते हैं, तो अपने डॉक्टर को तुरंत बताएं।

क्या लिवर कैंसर के लिए किसी विशेष परीक्षण यानी के टेस्ट की आवश्यकता है?

हाँ। यदि आपके डॉक्टर को संदेह है कि आपको लिवर कैंसर है, तो वह निम्नलिखित परीक्षणों में से 1 या अधिक करवाने को सूचित करेंगे:

  • रक्त टेस्ट यानी के ब्लड टेस्ट (Blood Test)
  • एक एमआरआई स्कैन (MRI), सीटी स्कैन (CT Scan), अल्ट्रासाउंड (Ultrasound) या अन्य इमेजिंग परीक्षण – यह सभी इमेजिंग परीक्षण शरीर के अंदर की तस्वीरें बनाते हैं, और असामान्य वृद्धि दिखा सकते हैं।
  • बायोप्सी (Biopsy)- इस परीक्षण के लिए, एक डॉक्टर यकृत से ऊतक का एक छोटा सा नमूना निकालते हैं। एक दूसरे डॉक्टर माइक्रोस्कोप के तहत इस नमूना में निरीक्षण करेंगे कि इसमें कैंसर है या नहीं।
लिवर कैंसर स्टेजिंग में क्या होता है?
लिवर कैंसर स्टेजिंग (Cancer Staging) के तरीके में डॉक्टर यह पता लगाते हैं कि, क्या ऊतक की उस परत में — जिसमें कि कैंसर शुरू हुआ था — वह ऊतक की परत से यदि कैंसर अधिक फैल गया है, और यदि – हां फैल गया है – तो — “कितनी दूर तक है फैल गया है?”।
लिवर कैंसर का इलाज कैसे किया जा सकता है?

लिवर कैंसर का इलाज अलग-अलग तरीकों से किया जा सकता है। उपचार आपके कैंसर किस चरण पर है उसपे निर्भर करता है। यह इस बात पर भी निर्भर करता है कि आपका लिवर कितना स्वस्थ है (दूसरे शब्दों में, कैंसर होने से पहले आपका लिवर रोग कितना गंभीर था)। विभिन्न उपचारों में शामिल हैं:

  • सर्जरी (Surgery) – लीवर कैंसर का इलाज कभी-कभी सर्जरी से किया जा सकता है जिसमें कैंसर वाले लीवर के हिस्से को निकालके हटाया जाता है।
  • लिवर ट्रांसप्लांट (Liver transplant) – लीवर ट्रांसप्लांट एक प्रकार की सर्जरी है, जिसमें डॉक्टर रोगग्रस्त लीवर को दूसरे व्यक्ति के स्वस्थ लिवर से प्रत्यरोपण करके बदल देते हैं।
  • एब्लेशन थेरेपी (Ablation therapy) – एब्लेशन थेरेपी एक ऐसी प्रक्रिया है जो यकृत में कैंसर कोशिकाओं को मार सकती है। इसमें सर्जरी नहीं करनी पड़ती है। डॉक्टर अलग-अलग तरीकों से एब्लेशन थेरेपी कर सकते हैं। वे गर्मी, लेजर, विकिरण चिकित्सा या सीधे कैंसर में विशेष एलकोहोल (alcohol) यानी के मद्यार्क का इंजेक्शन लगाकर कैंसर कोशिकाओं को मार सकते हैं।

 

  • कैंसर के रक्त की आपूर्ति को रोकना – डॉक्टर “एम्बोलिज़ेशन” (embolization) नामक एक प्रक्रिया कर सकते हैं, जिस में कैंसर को रक्त पहचाने वाली रक्त वाहिका को बंद कर दिया जाता है। इससे कैंसर को रक्त ना मिलने से “भूखे रहने” से उसको बढ़ने से रोकता है। कभी-कभी, एम्बोलिज्म प्रक्रिया को कीमोथेरेपी (chemotherapy) (“कीमोएम्बोलिज़ेशन” – chemoembolization) या विकिरण (“रेडियोएम्बोलाइज़ेशन” – radioembolization) के साथ में मिलकर किया जाता है।
  • कीमोथेरेपी (chemotherapy) – कीमोथेरेपी उन दवाओं के लिए चिकित्सा शब्द है जो कैंसर कोशिकाओं को मारते हैं या उन्हें बढ़ने से रोकते हैं।
  • इम्यूनोथेरेपी (Immunotherapy) – यह उन दवाओं का नाम है जो कैंसर के विकास को रोकने के लिए शरीर के संक्रमण से लड़ने वाली प्रणाली (“प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली”) के साथ काम करते हैं।
उपचार के बाद क्या होता है या हो सकता है?

उपचार के बाद, आपको “कैंसर वापस आता है या नहीं”, यह देखने के लिए नियमित रूप से जाँच करवानी पड़ेगी। आमतौर पर नियमित अनुवर्ती परीक्षणों में टेस्ट (Tests), रक्त परीक्षण (रक्त टेस्ट यानी के ब्लड टेस्ट – Blood Test), और इमेजिंग परीक्षण किए जाते हैं।

आपको ऊपर सूचीबद्ध लक्षणों में से कोई मेह्सूस होता है उसके लिए भी ध्यान देना चाहिए। उन लक्षणों के होने का मतलब हो सकता है कि, — कैंसर वापस आ गया है। यदि आपको कोई लक्षण मेह्सूस होते है तो अपने डॉक्टर को तुरंत बताएं।

यदि आपने यकृत प्रत्यारोपण करवाया था, तो आपको अपने जीवन के बाकी चरण के लिए “विरोधी अस्वीकृति दवाओं” (anti-rejection medicines) नामक दवाएं लेने की आवश्यकता होगी। ये दवाएं आपके शरीर को आपके नए जिगर के विरुद्ध में बुरी तरह से प्रतिक्रिया करने से रोकने में मदद करती हैं।

यदि कैंसर वापस आता है या फैलता है तो क्या होता है या हो सकता है?

यदि कैंसर वापस आता है या फैलता है, तो आपके डॉक्टर आपके साथ संभावित उपचार विकल्पों के बारे में बात करेंगे। इनमें से ऊपर सूचीबद्ध उपचार शामिल हो सकते हैं।

मुझे और क्या करना चाहिए?

नियमित जाँच और परीक्षणों के बारे में अपने डॉक्टर के सभी निर्देशों का पालन करना अत्यंत ही महत्वपूर्ण है। उपचार के दौरान किसी भी दुष्प्रभाव या समस्याओं के बारे में अपने डॉक्टर से बात करना भी महत्वपूर्ण है। जिन लोगों को लिवर कैंसर होता है, खासकर अगर उन्हें लंबे समय तक लिवर की बीमारी रह चुकी है, तो उन्हें अल्कोहल और ऐसी दवाओं को टालना चाहिए जो लिवर के लिए अत्यंत ही हानिकारक हो सकती हैं।

लिवर कैंसर का इलाज करवाने में कई विकल्पों का चयन करना होता है, जैसे कि कौनसे उपचार आपको करवाने हैं।

अपने डॉक्टरों को हमेशा बताएं कि, आप उपचार के बारे में कैसा महसूस कर रहे हैं। किसी भी समय आपको उपचार का सुझाव करते हैं, तो अवश्य पूछें:

  • इस उपचार के मेरा क्या लाभ हैं? क्या यह मुझे लंबे समय तक जीने में मदद करने की संभावना है? क्या यह लक्षणों को कम करेगा या रोकेगा?
  • इस उपचार के क्या कोई डाउनसाइड हैं?
  • क्या इस उपचार के अलावा कोई अन्य विकल्प हैं?
  • अगर मैंने इसका इलाज नहीं करवाया तो भविष्य में क्या होगा?
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Filed Under: Liver, Cancer

યકૃતનું (લીવર) કેન્સર

March 9, 2023 by Dr. Harsh J Shah – Pancreas, Liver, Gastro & Cancer Surgeon Leave a Comment

લીવર કેન્સર ના નિષ્ણાંત અમદાવાદ માં
English
ગુજરાતી
हिंदी
યકૃતનું કેન્સર શું છે?
  • યકૃતના સામાન્ય કોષો જ્યારે અસામાન્ય કોષોમાં બદલાઇ જાય છે, અને નિયંત્રણમાંથી બહાર બનવાનું ચાલુ થાય છે, ત્યારે એને યકૃતનું કેન્સર થયું હોય એમ કહેવાય છે. યકૃત એ પેટ ની ઉપરની જમણી બાજુએ એક મોટું અંગ હોય છે.

    લીવર કેન્સર થનારા મોટાભાગના લોકોમાં લાંબા ગાળાની યકૃત નો કોઈ રોગ હોય છે (જેને ક્રોનિક યકૃત રોગ પણ કહેવામાં આવે છે). લાંબા ગાળાના લીવર રોગને લીધે, વ્યક્તિને લીવર કેન્સર થવાની સંભાવના વધી જાય છે. યકૃત રોગના લાંબા ગાળાના સૌથી સામાન્ય અને સૌથી ગંભીર સ્વરૂપ “સિરહોસિસ” (Cirrhosis) નામની એક સ્થિતિ છે, જે યકૃતને સ્કાર (Scar) કરે છે.

યકૃતના કેન્સર માં લક્ષણ કેવા હોય છે અને કેવો અનુભવ થાય છે?

સામાન્ય રીતે લીવર કેન્સર ના પોતાના કોઈ લક્ષણો હોતા નથી. કેટલાક દર્દીઓ ઉપલા પેટમાં એક ગઠ્ઠો અથવા હળવી પીડા અનુભવી શકે છે, અથવા એમનું વજન ઓછું થતું હોય છે, અથવા જ્યારે તેઓ ખાવાનો પ્રયત્ન કરે છે ત્યારે વહેલી તકે સંપૂર્ણ લાગતું હોય છે.

અન્યમાં, એવા લક્ષણો હોઈ શકે છે જે કેન્સર થતા પહેલા લીવર રોગને લીધે થતાં હોય છે. તે લક્ષણો વધુ ખરાબ થઈ શકે છે, અથવા કેન્સરને કારણે પાછા આવી શકે છે. તેમાં નિમ્નલિખિત છે:

  • પેટ અથવા પગનો સોજો
  • ત્વચા અથવા આંખોનો સફેદ ભાગ પીળો થતો હોય છે

જો તમને આ લક્ષણો છે, તો તમારા ડૉક્ટર ને કહો.

યકૃતના કેન્સર માટે કોઈ ખાસ પરીક્ષણ એટલે કે ટેસ્ટ ની જરૂર હોય છે?

હા. જો તમારા ડૉક્ટરને શંકા છે કે તમને લીવર કેન્સર છે, તો તે નીચેનામાંથી 1 અથવા વધુ પરીક્ષણો કરાવવા કહેશે:

  • રક્ત પરીક્ષણો
  • એમઆરઆઈ સ્કેન (MRI Scan), સીટી સ્કેન (CT Scan), અલ્ટ્રાસાઉન્ડ (Ultrasound) અથવા અન્ય ઇમેજિંગ પરીક્ષણ – ઇમેજિંગ પરીક્ષણો શરીરની અંદરના ચિત્રો બતાવે છે, અને તે કોઈ અસામાન્ય વૃદ્ધિ પણ દર્શાવે છે.
  • બાયોપ્સી (Biopsy) – આ પરીક્ષણ માટે, એક ડૉક્ટર યકૃતમાંથી પેશીના નાના નમૂનાને લેશે. બીજા એક ડૉક્ટર માઇક્રોસ્કોપ હેઠળ આ નમૂનાને જોશે કે શું એમાં કેન્સર છે.
લીવર કેન્સર સ્ટેજીંગ શું છે?

કેન્સર સ્ટેજીંગ એ એક એવી રીત છે જેમાં ડોકટરો શોધી કાઢે છે કે — “શું કેન્સર જ્યાંથી શરૂ થયું છે ત્યાંની પેશીના સ્તરની આસપાસ ફેલાઈ ગયું છે?”, અને જો આમ છે “તો તે કેટલે દૂર સુધી ફેલાઈ ગયું છે?”.

યકૃતના કેન્સરની સારવાર કેવી રીતે કરવામાં આવે છે?

યકૃત કેન્સરની સારવાર વિવિધ રીતે કરી શકાય છે. સારવાર તમારા કેન્સરના સ્ટેજ પર આધારીત છે. તે તમારું યકૃત કેટલું સ્વસ્થ છે તેના પર પણ નિર્ભર છે (બીજા શબ્દોમાં કહીએ તો, કેન્સર થયા પહેલા તમારું યકૃત રોગ કેટલો ગંભીર હતો). વિવિધ સારવારમાં શામેલ છે:

  • સર્જરી – લીવર કેન્સરની સારવાર કેટલીક વાર કેન્સરવાળા લીવરના ભાગને કાઢવા માટે સર્જરી કરવામાં આવે છે.
  • લીવર ટ્રાન્સપ્લાન્ટ (Liver Transplant) – લીવર ટ્રાન્સપ્લાન્ટ, એ એક પ્રકારની શસ્ત્રક્રિયા છે જેમાં ડૉક્ટર બીજા વ્યક્તિથી મેળવેલું તંદુરસ્ત યકૃતને બીમારીગ્રસ્ત યકૃત ની જગ્યાએ પ્રત્યારોપણ કરે છે.
  • એબ્લેશન થેરેપી (Ablation Therapy) – એબ્લેશન થેરેપી એ એક પ્રક્રિયા છે જેના થી યકૃતમાં કેન્સરના કોષોને મારી શકે છે. તેમાં શસ્ત્રક્રિયા કરવાની હોતી નથી. ડોકટરો જુદી-જુદી રીતે એબિલેશન થેરેપી કરી શકે છે. તેઓ ગરમી, લેસર, રેડિયેશન થેરેપીનો ઉપયોગ કરીને અથવા કેન્સરગ્રસ્ત કોષોમાં એક વિશેષ આલ્કોહોલના ઇન્જેક્શન આપી ને એ કેન્સરના કોષોને મારી શકે છે.
  • કેન્સરના રક્ત પુરવઠાને અવરોધિત કરવું – કેન્સરમાં લોહી મોકલે છે તે રક્ત વાહિનીને અવરોધિત કરવા માટે, ડોકટર “એમ્બોલાઇઝેશન” (Immobilisation) નામની પ્રક્રિયા કરી શકે છે. આ કેન્સરને તેના લોહીના સપ્લાયના “ભૂખમરો” દ્વારા વધતા અટકાવે છે. કેટલીકવાર, એમ્બ્લોલાઇઝેશન પ્રક્રિયા કીમોથેરાપી (“કીમોમ્બોલીઝેશન / chemoembolization”) અથવા રેડિયેશન (“રેડિયો એમ્બિલોઇઝેશન” / “radioembolization”) ની સાથે જ કરવામાં આવે છે.
  • કીમોથેરપી (Chemotherapy) – કેન્સરના કોષોને નષ્ટ કરનાર અથવા વધતી અટકાવવા માટેની દવાઓ ની પ્રક્રિયા ને કેમોથેરાપી કહેવાય છે.
  • ઇમ્યુનોથેરાપી (Immunotherapy) – કેન્સરની વૃદ્ધિને રોકવા માટે શરીરની ચેપ ને લડવાની સિસ્ટમ (“રોગપ્રતિકારક શક્તિ”) સાથે કામ કરતી દવાઓ માટે ની પ્રક્રિયા ને ડોકટરો — ઇમ્યુનોથેરાપી (Immunotherapy) કહે છે.
સારવાર પછી શું થઇ શકે છે?

સારવાર પછી, કેન્સર પાછો આવે છે કે નહીં, તે જોવા માટે તમારી ઘણી વાર તપાસ કરવામાં આવશે. નિયમિત ફોલોઅપ પરીક્ષણોમાં સામાન્ય રીતે ટેસ્ટ્સ, રક્ત પરીક્ષણો અને ઇમેજિંગ પરીક્ષણો કરાવવાનું હોય છે.

તમારે ઉપર સૂચિબદ્ધ લક્ષણો માટે પણ ધ્યાન રાખી ને જોવું જોઈએ. આ લક્ષણો હોવાનો અર્થ એટલે કે કેન્સર પાછો આવી ગયો છે. જો તમને કોઈ લક્ષણો દેખાતા અથવા અનુભવ હોય તો તમારા ડોકટરને કહો.

જો તમે યકૃતનું ટ્રાન્સપ્લાન્ટ કરાવ્યું હોય, તો તમારે આખી જિંદગી માટે “એન્ટી રિજેક્શન દવાઓ” નામની દવાઓ લેવાની જરૂર રહેશે. આ દવાઓ તમારા શરીરને તમારા નવા યકૃત પર ખરાબ પ્રતિક્રિયા કરતા અટકાવવામાં મદદ કરે છે.

જો કેન્સર પાછું આવે અથવા ફેલાય તો શું થાય છે?

જો કેન્સર પાછો આવે અથવા વધુ ફેલાય, તો તમારા ડૉક્ટર તમારી સાથે સારવારની સંભવિત વિકલ્પો વિશે વાત કરશે. આમાં ઉપરોક્ત સૂચિનો સમાવેશ થઈ શકે છે.

આના સિવાય શું હું બીજું કઈ કરી શકું છું?

મુલાકાત અને પરીક્ષણો વિશે તમારા ડૉક્ટરની બધી સૂચનાઓનું પાલન કરવું અત્યંત મહત્વપૂર્ણ છે. સારવાર દરમિયાન તમને થતી કોઈપણ આડઅસર અથવા સમસ્યાઓ વિશે તમારા ડૉક્ટર સાથે વાત કરવી પણ મહત્વપૂર્ણ છે. જે લોકોને યકૃતનું કેન્સર હોય છે, ખાસ કરીને જો તેઓને લાંબા ગાળાના યકૃતનો રોગ હોય, તો તેમણે દારૂ અને કોઈ પણ દવાઓ કે જે યકૃત માટે નુકસાનકારક હોઈ શકે છે તે ટાળવી કે બંધ કરી દેવી જોઈએ.

યકૃતના કેન્સરની સારવાર કરાવવા માટે ઘણા વિલ્કપો છે, જેમ કે “કઈ સારવાર કરાવવી?”.

તમારા ડૉક્ટરને હંમેશા જણાવો કે તમને કોઈ પણ સારવાર વિશે કેવું મંતવ્ય છે. કોઈપણ સમયે જ્યારે તમને સારવાર આપવામાં આવે છે, ત્યારે પૂછો:

  • આ સારવારના ફાયદા શું છે? શું તે મને લાંબા સમય સુધી જીવવામાં મદદ કરે છે? તે લક્ષણો ઘટાડશે અથવા અટકાવશે?
  • આ ટ્રીટમેન્ટમાં ડાઉનસાઇડ (આડઅસર અથવા નુકસાન) શું છે?
  • શું આ સારવાર ઉપરાંત અન્ય વિકલ્પો પણ છે?
  • જો હૂં આ સારવાર ન કરવું તો શું થઇ શકે છે?
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Filed Under: Liver, Cancer

Liver Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

March 6, 2023 by Dr. Harsh J Shah – Pancreas, Liver, Gastro & Cancer Surgeon Leave a Comment

Liver Cancer eng
English
ગુજરાતી
हिंदी
What is liver cancer?

Liver cancer happens when normal cells within the liver turn into abnormal cells and grow out of control. The liver is a huge organ within the upper right side of the belly.

Most people who get cancer of the liver have long-term disease (also known as chronic liver disease). Having long-term liver disease will increase an individual’s possibilities of getting liver cancer. the most common and most serious kind of long-term liver disease is a condition known as “cirrhosis,” that scars the liver.

What are the symptoms of liver cancer?

Liver cancer doesn’t typically cause any symptoms of its own. some patients might have a lump or mild pain within the upper belly, feel full too soon after they try to eat, or reduce weight.Others might have symptoms that are caused by the liver disease that they had before they got cancer. Those symptoms can intensify or return due to the cancer. They include:

  • Swelling of the belly or legs
  • The skin or white part of the eyes turns yellow

If you’ve got these symptoms, tell your doctor.

Is there a test for liver cancer?

Yes. If your doctor suspects you’ve got liver cancer, he or she will do one or more of the subsequent tests:

  • Blood tests
  • An MRI scan, CT scan, ultrasound, or other imaging test – Imaging tests produce photoes of the inside of the body and may show abnormal growths.
  • Biopsy – For this test, a doctor will take away a small sample of tissue from the liver. Another doctor will examine the sample under a microscope to ascertain if it is cancer.
What is liver cancer staging?
Cancer staging is a way in which doctors determine if a cancer has spread past the layer of tissue where it began and, if so, how far.
How is liver cancer treated?
  • Liver cancer are often treated in several ways. Treatment will be depending on the stage of your cancer. It conjointly depends on how healthy your liver is (in other words, how serious your liver disease was before you got cancer). the various treatments include:
  • Surgery – Liver carcinoma can typically be treated with surgery to get rid of the part of the liver with the cancer.
  • Liver transplant – A liver transplant is a kind of surgery within which a doctor replaces a diseased liver with a healthy liver from another person.
  • Ablation therapy – Ablation therapy is a procedure which can kill cancer cells within the liver. It doesn’t involve surgery. Doctors can do ablation therapy in several ways. they can kill the cancer cells using heat, a laser, radiation, or by injecting a special alcohol directly into the cancer.
  • Blocking the cancer’s blood supply – Doctors can do a procedure known as “embolization” to block off the vessel that sends blood to the cancer. This method keeps the disease from growing by “starving” it of its blood supply. Sometimes, the embolization procedure is collectively done with chemotherapy (“chemoembolization”) or radiation (“radioembolization”).
  • Chemotherapy – chemotherapy is the medical term used for medications that kill cancer cells or prevent them from growing.
What happens after treatment?

After treatment, you’ll be checked every so often to ascertain if the cancer comes back. Regular follow up tests sometimes include exams, blood tests, and imaging tests.

You should also notice the symptoms listed above. Having those symptoms might mean the cancer has returned. Tell your doctor if you’ve got any symptoms.

If you had a liver transplant, you’ll have to be compelled to take medicines known as “anti-rejection medicines” for the rest of your life. These medicines help to keep your body from reacting badly to your new liver.

 

What happens if the cancer returns or spreads?

If the cancer comes back or spreads, your doctor will talk with you regarding possible treatment choices. These may include the treatments listed above.

What else should I do?

It is necessary to follow all of your doctor’s directions concerning visits and tests. it is also necessary to speak to your doctor concerning any side effects or issues you’ve got throughout treatment. those that have liver disease, particularly if they have long-term disease, ought to avoid alcohol and any medicine that could be harmful to the liver.

Getting treated for liver disease involves making several decisions, like what treatment to have.

Always let your doctors know how you are feeling about a treatment. Any time you’re offered a treatment, ask:

  • What are the advantages of this treatment? Is it likely to help me live longer? will it reduce or prevent symptoms?
  • What are the downsides to the current treatment?
  • Are there alternative choices besides this treatment?
  • What happens if I don’t have this treatment?

Liver Cancer

Liver Cancer: Raising Awareness for Early Detection and Treatment

The liver is one of the most important organs in our body, responsible for regulating vital functions such as digestion and metabolism. Unfortunately, it is also a common site for cancerous growths to develop. Liver cancer can be a daunting diagnosis, but with knowledge and understanding, we can better navigate this disease. In this blog post, we will delve into the basics of liver cancer – from its causes and symptoms to treatment options and prevention measures – so that you have all the information you need to stay informed about this serious illness. Join us as we explore what you need to know about liver cancer!

Liver Cancer

Liver Cancer: Raising Awareness for Early Detection and Treatment

The liver is one of the most important organs in our body, responsible for regulating vital functions such as digestion and metabolism. Unfortunately, it is also a common site for cancerous growths to develop. Liver cancer can be a daunting diagnosis, but with knowledge and understanding, we can better navigate this disease. In this blog post, we will delve into the basics of liver cancer – from its causes and symptoms to treatment options and prevention measures – so that you have all the information you need to stay informed about this serious illness. Join us as we explore what you need to know about liver cancer!

Liver cancer

What is liver cancer?

Liver cancer, also known as hepatic cancer, refers to the abnormal growth of cells in the liver, leading to the formation of tumors. It is a type of cancer that originates in the liver or spreads to the liver from other parts of the body. The most common form of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which accounts for the majority of cases.

Types of liver cancer

There are many types of liver cancer including:

Types of liver cancer

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): This is the most common primary liver cancer, originating from liver cells. It is often associated with underlying liver diseases such as hepatitis B or C infection, cirrhosis, or alcohol-related liver damage.

Cholangiocarcinoma: This is a malignant tumor that develops from the bile ducts inside or outside the liver. It can occur in different parts of the bile ducts, leading to different subtypes of cholangiocarcinoma.

Hepatoblastoma: This is a rare malignant tumor that primarily affects children. It arises from immature liver cells and is typically diagnosed in early childhood.

Angiosarcoma: This is a rare and aggressive type of liver cancer that develops from the blood vessels of the liver.

Metastatic Liver Tumors: These tumors originate from cancers in other parts of the body and spread (metastasize) to the liver. Common primary cancer sites that can metastasize to the liver include the colon, breast, lung, and pancreas.

Causes of Liver Cancer

  • Chronic viral infections, such as hepatitis B or C, can cause liver cancer.
  • Cirrhosis, often from alcohol abuse or chronic liver diseases, increases the risk.
  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its severe form, NASH, can lead to liver cancer.
  • Excessive alcohol consumption contributes to liver inflammation and cancer development.
  • Prolonged exposure to aflatoxins, found in certain foods, raises the risk.
  • Genetic factors and inherited liver diseases can increase susceptibility.
  • Tobacco use has been linked to a higher incidence of liver cancer.
  • Diabetes and obesity, especially with related conditions, heighten the risk.
  • A combination of risk factors further increases the likelihood of developing liver cancer.

Screening for Liver Cancer

Liver cancer is one of the deadliest forms of cancer, and early detection is critical to improve chances of survival. There are several screening tests that can be used to detect liver cancer, including blood tests, imaging tests, and biopsies.

Blood tests are often the first step in liver cancer screening. They can help doctors check for signs of liver damage or disease. Imaging tests, such as ultrasounds or CT scans, can be used to create pictures of the liver. Biopsies involve taking a small sample of tissue from the liver for analysis.

Screening for liver cancer is important for people who are at high risk for the disease. Risk factors include heavy alcohol use, hepatitis B or C infection, and a family history of liver cancer. If you have any of these risk factors, talk to your doctor about whether liver cancer screening is right for you.

Symptoms of Liver Cancer

There are a number of different symptoms that can be associated with liver cancer, and it is important to be aware of them so that you can seek treatment as soon as possible. Some of the most common symptoms include:
Symptoms of liver cancer
– Fatigue
– Weight loss
– Appetite loss
– Nausea and vomiting
– Abdominal pain or swelling
– Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes)
– Dark urine
– Clay-colored stools
– Itching
– Easy bruising or bleeding

Diagnosis of Liver cancer

There are several methods to diagnose liver cancer, which include imaging tests, biopsy, and blood tests.
 
Imaging tests give doctors a better look at the liver and any tumors that may be present. These tests can be done with ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
 
A biopsy is the most definitive way to diagnose liver cancer. In this procedure, a small piece of tissue is removed from the liver and examined under a microscope.
Blood tests can also be used to help diagnose liver cancer by looking for elevated levels of certain enzymes or proteins that are released into the bloodstream when the liver is damaged.
Diagnosis & Staging of liver cancer

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Treatment Options for Liver Cancer

There are a number of different treatment options available for liver cancer including:
Surgery: Surgical interventions aim to remove the tumor(s) from the liver. The procedures may include:
– Hepatectomy: This involves removing a portion of the liver containing the tumor.
– Liver Transplantation: In cases where the tumor is limited to the liver and a suitable donor is available, a liver transplant may be considered as a treatment option.
Ablation Therapy: This involves destroying the tumor(s) using heat or cold. Common techniques include:
– Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA): It uses high-frequency electrical currents to heat and destroy the tumor.
– Microwave Ablation: This technique utilizes microwaves to generate heat and kill cancer cells.
– Cryoablation: It involves freezing the tumor to destroy the cancer cells.
TACE - Chemotherapy injected in tumour
Radiation Therapy: External beam radiation therapy or internal radiation therapy (brachytherapy) can be employed to target and kill cancer cells. Radiation may be used as a primary treatment or in combination with other therapies.
Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE): In TACE, chemotherapy drugs are delivered directly into the blood vessels feeding the tumor, combined with the injection of embolic agents to block the blood supply to the tumor.
Targeted Drug Therapy: Targeted therapies utilize medications that specifically target certain molecules or pathways involved in the growth and survival of cancer cells, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors or immunotherapies.
Systemic Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy drugs can be administered orally or intravenously to kill cancer cells throughout the body. It may be recommended for advanced stages of liver cancer or when other treatment options are not feasible.
Radiation Therapy: External beam radiation therapy or internal radiation therapy (brachytherapy) can be employed to target and kill cancer cells. Radiation may be used as a primary treatment or in combination with other therapies.
Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE): In TACE, chemotherapy drugs are delivered directly into the blood vessels feeding the tumor, combined with the injection of embolic agents to block the blood supply to the tumor.
Targeted Drug Therapy: Targeted therapies utilize medications that specifically target certain molecules or pathways involved in the growth and survival of cancer cells, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors or immunotherapies.
Systemic Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy drugs can be administered orally or intravenously to kill cancer cells throughout the body. It may be recommended for advanced stages of liver cancer or when other treatment options are not feasible.
TACE - Chemotherapy injected in tumour

Prevention for Liver cancer:

  • Vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) reduces the risk.
  • Practice safe sex and avoid sharing needles to prevent hepatitis B and C transmission.
  • Screen for hepatitis B and C to detect infections early.
  • Limit alcohol consumption and maintain a healthy weight to reduce liver cancer risk.
  • Minimize exposure to carcinogens like aflatoxins in food.
  • Use medications and supplements responsibly.
  • Manage chronic liver diseases and follow prescribed treatments.
  • Follow safety measures in occupations involving harmful substances. Regular check-ups and early detection are vital for timely intervention.
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FAQs

How long can you live with liver cancer?

The life expectancy for someone with liver cancer varies depending on factors such as the stage of the cancer, overall health, and treatment options. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate prognosis.

Is liver cancer curable?

Liver cancer can be curable, especially if it is detected at an early stage and appropriate treatments are provided. However, the chances of successful treatment decrease as the cancer progresses.

How does liver cancer start?

Liver cancer typically starts when normal cells in the liver undergo genetic changes (mutations) that cause them to grow uncontrollably. The exact causes of these mutations are not always known, but certain risk factors, such as chronic hepatitis B or C infection, heavy alcohol use, and certain liver diseases, can increase the likelihood of developing liver cancer.

Is liver cancer fast spreading?

Liver cancer can be fast-spreading, particularly in its advanced stages. It can metastasize (spread) to other parts of the body, such as the lungs or bones, making treatment more challenging.

Who is at risk of liver cancer?

Several factors increase the risk of developing liver cancer. These include chronic hepatitis B or C infection, excessive alcohol consumption, fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, exposure to aflatoxins (a type of toxin produced by mold), certain inherited liver diseases, and diabetes.

What is Stage 1 liver cancer?

Stage 1 liver cancer indicates that the cancer is confined to the liver and has not spread to nearby blood vessels or lymph nodes. At this stage, the tumor is typically smaller in size and may be more easily treated.

What is last stage of liver cancer?

The last stage of liver cancer, often referred to as stage 4 or advanced stage, means that the cancer has spread beyond the liver to other organs or distant sites in the body. Treatment options may be limited at this stage.
Dr. Harsh Shah is the best oncologist in Ahmedabad

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Dr. Harsh Shah

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Dr. Harsh Shah is a highly experienced and skilled liver cancer doctor in Ahmedabad, with over 15+ years of experience in the field. He has a strong reputation for providing comprehensive and compassionate care to his patients, and is committed to ensuring the best possible outcomes for each and every individual he treats. Dr. Shah is well-versed in the latest diagnostic and treatment techniques for liver cancer. Management of liver cancer involves proper diagnosis & early treatment. Diagnosis is performed with Triple phase CT scan & AFP level. The treatment involves surgery, chemotherapy, TACE, TARE or RFA.
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