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Hidden Gallbladder Cancer Found After Surgery: Who’s Most at Risk?

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Risk Factors and Clinical Predictors Associated with Incidental Gallbladder Cancer A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.DOI 10.1007s12029-025-01369-8

Sometimes, gallbladder cancer is only discovered after surgery to remove the gallbladder. This is called incidental gallbladder cancer. A new study looked at nearly 800,000 patients to find out who is most at risk.

The study found that older adults and women were more likely to have hidden gallbladder cancer. Blood tests showing high levels of alkaline phosphatase were also linked to higher risk. People with larger polyps in the gallbladder (over 1 cm) had a much higher chance of cancer. Also, patients who had open surgery instead of keyhole surgery were more likely to be diagnosed with cancer during or after surgery.

The size of gallstones did not make a big difference in cancer risk.

This research shows that doctors can spot signs of possible gallbladder cancer before and during surgery. Being more careful with certain patients—especially older women or those with abnormal test results—might help catch cancer early.

Early detection can lead to better outcomes. Knowing the risk factors can help guide decisions before and during gallbladder surgery.

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Dr. Harsh J Shah
Dr Harsh Shah - GI & HPB Oncosurgeon in India
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