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Dr. Harsh J Shah

Taking Painkillers for Years? How They Can Cause an Ulcer

Last updated: 27-Oct-2026

Dr Harsh Shah, GI surgeon, Ahmedabad

Dr Harsh Shah
MS, MCh (Surgical Gastroenterology), DrNB (Surgical Gastroenterology)
Registered with Gujarat Medical Council, Reg. No. G-38738
Gastro & Cancer Surgeon
Apollo Hospital, Bhat, Gandhinagar · Gota OPD, Ahmedabad · 18 years of experience
★★★★★ Google: 4.89 from 216 reviews (Gota clinic) · 4.94 from 18 reviews (Apollo, Bhat)

In short

An ulcer forms when the stomach lining loses its own protection. Pain tablets switch that protection off through the whole body, whatever way you take them.

These ulcers often do not hurt. The first sign may be black stool or vomiting blood, especially in people past sixty.

Safety means asking if you need the tablet, adding an acid tablet for cover, and testing for H. pylori first.

The full care plan for ulcers is on the peptic ulcer treatment in Ahmedabad page. This post explains what goes wrong inside the stomach. It also covers why pain tablets are a common cause, and how to stay safe.

An ulcer is a failed defence, not just acid

Acid is needed for an ulcer, but it is rarely enough. Most people with plenty of acid never get one. The real fault is a weak lining.

The stomach sits in a bath of strong acid. It survives because the lining has several layers of protection. An ulcer is a spot where those layers failed and acid then ate into the wall.

What guards the stomach lining and what wears it down
Protects the liningWears the lining down
A thick coat of mucusAcid and the digestive juice pepsin
Bicarbonate, which keeps the surface close to neutralH. pylori germ
Good blood flow, which washes away acid and brings repairPain tablets such as diclofenac and ibuprofen
Fast regrowth of surface cells after a small injurySmoking, heavy alcohol and severe illness

One family of natural chemicals, the prostaglandins, runs most of this protection. They help make mucus and bicarbonate, keep blood flowing, and speed repair. Take them away and every layer weakens at once.

How pain tablets harm the stomach

Pain tablets work by blocking the body’s prostaglandins. That relieves pain, but it also removes the stomach’s own shield. The harm comes through the blood, not just from contact.

  • The tablet irritates the lining directly while it dissolves. This causes small erosions.
  • The larger harm is inside the body. Blocking prostaglandins lowers mucus, bicarbonate and blood flow together.
  • So an injection, a suppository or a coated tablet does not make you safe.
  • These ulcers often sit in the lower part of the stomach, and there may be several.

Aspirin works the same way, even in the small daily dose taken for the heart. It is a common hidden cause of a bleeding ulcer.

Why you may feel nothing until it bleeds

Pain tablets also hide pain. A person can have an ulcer for weeks without any burning or ache. The first sign is then black stool, vomiting blood or sudden weakness.

  • Black, sticky, foul-smelling stool means old blood from the stomach.
  • Vomit that looks like coffee grounds, or red blood, is an emergency.
  • Dizziness, a racing heart or fainting can follow a slow, hidden bleed.
  • Pale skin and tiredness can mean months of tiny bleeds and low blood count.

If this happens, go to an emergency department. What a scope does for a bleeding ulcer is explained in bleeding ulcer: how a scope stops the bleed.

Who is at higher risk?

Risk rises with age, dose and the other medicines you take. Doctors sort people into three groups, and the group decides what cover you need.

Risk groups for an ulcer from pain tablets, and the usual cover
GroupWho is in itUsual advice
Lower riskUnder sixty-five, a short course, no earlier ulcer, no other risk medicinesThe lowest dose for the shortest time
Medium riskOver sixty-five, a high dose, an old uncomplicated ulcer, or aspirin, steroid or blood-thinner useAn acid tablet taken with the pain tablet, or a different class of pain tablet
Higher riskAn earlier ulcer that bled or burst, or two or more medium-risk signsAvoid pain tablets if at all possible. If one is vital, use the safest type with an acid tablet

A pain tablet with a steroid, an aspirin or a blood thinner is an especially risky mix. It is a common story behind the older patient who arrives with a bleed. H. pylori adds to the risk, as explained below.

Body-pain tablets in India

Pain tablets are sold in India without a prescription. Many people take them for months and do not count them as medicines. A careful list of everything you swallow is the first step.

  • Tablets for knee, back and joint pain, bought from a chemist.
  • Combination tablets for fever, cold or period pain.
  • Pain powders, local mixtures and some herbal or Ayurvedic pain products. Some contain painkillers that are not named on the pack.
  • Tablets handed down from a relative or from an earlier prescription.

Bring every strip, bottle and packet to the visit. People often do not think of these as medicines until asked directly.

How to stay safe when you need a pain tablet

You do not always have to stop. You have to match the cover to the risk. An acid tablet is the most reliable protection for the stomach and the first part of the bowel.

  • Ask whether you need the tablet at all. A cream, physiotherapy or paracetamol may be enough.
  • Take the lowest dose for the shortest time, and not on an empty stomach.
  • Add an acid tablet if you are in a medium or higher group.
  • Some newer pain tablets are gentler on the stomach, but they have a heart risk. Your doctor weighs the two.
  • Stop smoking. It weakens the lining and slows healing.

An acid tablet protects the stomach, not the small bowel. A long course of pain tablets can still hurt the gut further down. It may show only as a low blood count.

H. pylori and pain tablets together

The germ and the tablet are separate causes, and together they add up. If you must take pain tablets for a long time, test for the germ before you start.

  • Clearing the germ lowers ulcer risk in a person starting pain tablets.
  • It does not replace the acid tablet if you must keep taking the pain tablet.
  • If you already had an ulcer, both steps matter, and the check test afterwards too.

How the germ is cleared and proved gone is in found H. pylori: the 14-day medicines, step by step.

Why the germ is so common is in H. pylori is common in India: why do few get ulcers.

Aspirin for the heart: do not stop on your own

If aspirin was prescribed for a stent or a heart attack, stopping it can be dangerous. Ask your doctors how to protect the stomach, not how to give up the aspirin.

  • An acid tablet taken with aspirin lowers the chance of a bleed.
  • After an ulcer bleed, aspirin is often restarted soon, with acid cover, once the bleeding is controlled.
  • Your heart doctor and your stomach doctor should agree on the plan.

The steps after a bleed or a hole are in what happens after an ulcer bleed or hole.

Other causes worth knowing

Most ulcers come from the germ or from pain tablets. A few have another cause, and a stubborn ulcer is a reason to look for it.

  • Serious illness, such as a major burn, a head injury or a long stay on a ventilator, can cause stress ulcers. Hospitals give acid cover only to people at high risk.
  • A rare gland tumour that makes too much acid causes many ulcers, or ulcers in odd places. A blood test for gastrin helps find it.
  • Steroid tablets alone seldom cause an ulcer, but they raise the risk sharply with a pain tablet.
  • Spicy food and stress are not the main cause, though they may make symptoms worse.

A stomach ulcer is usually checked with a biopsy and a repeat scope after healing. If your ulcer keeps returning, or the pain is new and you are unsure what it is, start with stomach pain: is it an ulcer.

Questions to ask your doctor

  • Do I really need this pain tablet, and for how long?
  • Which risk group am I in?
  • Do I need an acid tablet with it, and for how long?
  • Should I be tested for H. pylori first?
  • Is any other tablet I take adding to the risk?

Frequently asked questions

Can an ulcer form even if I take the tablet by injection or as a suppository?

Yes. The harm comes through the blood, not only from touching the lining. An injection or a coated tablet does not make a pain tablet safe for the stomach.

Is paracetamol safe for the stomach?

Paracetamol seldom injures the lining at normal doses. It does not reduce swelling the way other pain tablets do, so it may not suit every pain.

Do I have to stop my heart aspirin if I get an ulcer?

Not on your own. Stopping it can be dangerous. Your doctors usually add an acid tablet and restart aspirin soon after a bleed is controlled.

Why did my doctor give me an acid tablet with my pain tablet?

It is cover for your stomach. The acid tablet is the most reliable way to prevent a pain-tablet ulcer. It is chosen when your risk is medium or higher.

Can pain tablets hurt the gut below the stomach?

Yes. A long course can injure the small bowel too. An acid tablet does not protect it, and the sign may only be a low blood count.

Should I be tested for H. pylori before starting pain tablets for a long time?

Yes, especially if you have had an ulcer. The germ and the tablet add to each other. Clearing the germ lowers the risk, but you may still need an acid tablet.

Where Dr Harsh Shah sees patients and operates

Shah’s Gastro, Cancer & Robotic Surgery Centre, Gota, Ahmedabad

Consultation, review of endoscopy, biopsy and scan reports, second opinions and follow-up.

+91-63555-64601 · Directions to the Gota clinic

Apollo Hospital, Bhat, Gandhinagar

Apollo Hospital International Limited, GIDC Bhat Industrial Estate, Bhat, Gandhinagar. Endoscopy and biopsy, CT scans, surgery for stomach and duodenal disorders, and inpatient care.

WhatsApp +91-63555-64601 · Directions to Apollo, Bhat

A stomach ulcer from pain tablets can hide for months and show itself as a bleed. If you take pain tablets often, or you are worried about a tablet you have taken for years, send us the list. We look at it with you and decide what is safe after examination. Call +91-63555-64601 Send your tablet list before the visit

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Dr. Harsh J Shah
Dr Harsh Shah - Surgical Gastroenterologist and GI Robotic Surgeon, Ahmedabad
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