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Gallbladder and Bile Duct Cancer Still a Concern in Many Countries

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Epidemiological trends and burden of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer in Belt and Road Initiative countries A comprehensive analysis DOI 10.1016j.hbpd.2025.08.004

Gallbladder and bile duct cancers (GBTC) are rare, but they can be deadly. A new study looked at these cancers in over 150 countries linked to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), covering areas in Asia, Europe, and beyond.

The research used global health data from 1990 to 2021. It found that while the overall number of cases and deaths has slowly gone down, some places still face a growing problem.

Thailand, South Korea, and Chile had the highest rates of these cancers. South Asia, including countries like India and Pakistan, showed an increase in deaths from GBTC over time. Other areas, especially those with strong healthcare systems, saw a drop.

These cancers mostly affect older adults. The number of cases and deaths rises sharply after age 70. Men have higher rates in their 80s and 90s, but more women die from GBTC after age 70.

People in countries with better living conditions and longer life expectancy were more likely to be diagnosed with GBTC, likely because they live long enough to develop it—and have better access to medical care.

Early detection is hard, and many people only find out they have GBTC when it’s advanced. The study shows a clear need for better screening, especially in high-risk areas. Working together across countries can help close the gaps in cancer care and prevention.

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Dr. Harsh J Shah
Dr Harsh Shah - GI & HPB Oncosurgeon in India
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